![]() ![]() The name was inspired, said Ruppelt, by the close attention that high-ranking officers were giving the new project it felt as if the study of UFOs was as important as a college final exam. The new name, Project Blue Book, was selected to refer to the blue booklets used for testing at some colleges and universities. Another important change came when General William Garland joined Cabell's staff Garland thought the UFO question deserved serious scrutiny because he had witnessed a UFO. Ruppelt, by the end of 1951, several high-ranking, very influential USAF generals were so dissatisfied with the state of Air Force UFO investigations that they dismantled Project Grudge and replaced it with Project Blue Book in March 1952. Project Blue Book history Captain Ruppelt era Īccording to Captain Edward J. ![]() Grudge concluded that all UFOs were natural phenomena or other misinterpretations, although it also stated that 23 percent of the reports could not be explained. Ruppelt referred to the era of Project Grudge as the "dark ages" of early USAF UFO investigation. Project Sign was succeeded at the end of 1948 by Project Grudge, which was criticized as having a debunking mandate. Vandenberg subsequently dismantled Project Sign. Hoyt Vandenberg, USAF Chief of Staff, citing a lack of physical proof. (See also extraterrestrial hypothesis.) This was subsequently rejected by Gen. ![]() Ruppelt (the first director of Project Blue Book), Sign's initial intelligence estimate (the so-called Estimate of the Situation) written in the late summer of 1948, concluded that the flying saucers were real craft, were not made by either the Soviet Union or United States, and were likely extraterrestrial in origin. However, according to US Air Force Captain Edward J. Project Sign was officially inconclusive regarding the cause of the sightings. Wright-Patterson was also to be the home of Project Sign and all subsequent official USAF public investigations. Project Sign was initiated specifically at the request of General Nathan Twining, chief of the Air Force Materiel Command at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Public USAF UFO studies were first initiated under Project Sign at the end of 1947, following many widely publicized UFO reports (see Kenneth Arnold). The UFO reports were archived and are available under the Freedom of Information Act, but names and other personal information of all witnesses have been redacted. 701 reports were classified as unexplained, even after stringent analysis. According to the National Reconnaissance Office a number of the reports could be explained by flights of the formerly secret reconnaissance planes U-2 and A-12. īy the time Project Blue Book ended, it had collected 12,618 UFO reports, and concluded that most of them were misidentifications of natural phenomena ( clouds, stars, etc.) or conventional aircraft.
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